Manejo de la vía aérea ante un caso de paro respiratorio en un escenario clínico simulado. Experiencia en una residencia de pediatría / Airway management during a respiratory arrest in a clinical simulation scenario. Experience at a pediatric residency program

Introducción. La insuficiencia respiratoria es la causa más común de paro cardíaco en pediatría; su reconocimiento y el manejo adecuado son cruciales. La simulación se utiliza para mejorar las habilidades médicas. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la proporción de residentes de pediatría que reconocieron un paro respiratorio (PR) pediátrico en un centro de simulación. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional con 77 médicos residentes. Se utilizó un caso simulado de un paciente con dificultad respiratoria que progresa a PR. Resultados. De los 77 participantes, 48 reconocieron el paro respiratorio (62,3 %). El tiempo medio para reconocer el PR fue de 34,43 segundos. Conclusión. El 62,3 % de los participantes logró reconocer el paro respiratorio. Entre aquellos que lo identificaron, el tiempo promedio fue de 34,43 segundos. Se observaron graves deficiencias en algunas de las intervenciones esperadas.

Introduction. Respiratory failure is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in pediatrics. Recognizing and managing it adequately is critical. Simulation is used to improve medical skills. The objective of this study was to establish the proportion of pediatric residents who recognized a respiratory arrest in a child at a simulation center. Methods. This was an observational study in 77 residents. A simulation of a patient with respiratory distress that progressed to respiratory arrest was used. Results. Among the 77 participants, 48 recognized respiratory arrest (62.3%). The mean time to recognize respiratory arrest was 34.43 seconds. Conclusion. Respiratory arrest was recognized by 62.3% of participants. Among those who did so, the average time was 34.43 seconds. Severe failures were noted in some of the expected interventions.

Posición prono en embarazada con neumonía grave por COVID-19 / Prone position in pregnant woman with severe COVID-19 pneumonia

Resumen Se han comunicado buenos resultados clínicos al poner en posición prono a pacientes con Síndrome de Distrés Respiratorio Agudo por COVID-19. Objetivo: Describir la maniobra prono, sus resultados clínicos y cuidados asociados, en una mujer de 34 años de edad con 26 semanas de embarazo, que estaba en ventilación mecánica, por un cuadro clínico de neumonía multifocal por COVID-19. Se realizó maniobra prono lateralizada hacia izquierda, en tres etapas, preparación, ejecución y evaluación. Luego de 62 h de prono, se observó una recuperación favorable de la gestante: la relación PaO2/FiO2 aumentó de 151 a 368 mmHg, y disminuyó el compromiso radiológico pulmonar, sin que se detectaran complicaciones fetales. Conclusiones: Esta maniobra que puede beneficiar a pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria grave, en embarazadas debe ser una técnica protocolizada, con equipos de trabajo experimentados e implementación adecuada.

Good clinical results have been reported when placing patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to COVID-19 in a prone position. Objective: To describe the prone maneuver, its clinical results and associated care in a 34-year-old woman with 26 weeks of pregnancy, who was on mechanical ventilation, due to a clinical picture of COVID-19 multifocal pneumonia. Lateralized prone maneuver was carried out to the left, in three stages, preparation, execution and evaluation. After 62 hours of prone, a favorable recovery of the pregnant woman was observed: PaO2/FiO2 ratio increased from 151 to 368 mmHg, and the pulmonary radiological compromise decreased, without fetal complications being detected. Conclusions: This maneuver that might benefit patients with severe respiratory failure, in pregnant women should be a protocolized technique, with experienced work teams and adequate implementation.

Application of two noninvasive scores in predicting the risk of respiratory failure in full-term neonates: a comparative analysis / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the value of Silverman-Anderson score versus Downes score in predicting respiratory failure in full-term neonates.@*METHODS@#The convenience sampling method was used to select the full-term neonates with lung diseases who were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit from July 2020 to July 2021. According to the diagnostic criteria for neonatal respiratory failure, they were divided into a respiratory failure group (65 neonates) and a non-respiratory failure group (363 neonates). Silverman-Anderson score and Downes score were used for evaluation. The receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to compare the value of the two noninvasive scores in predicting respiratory failure in full-term neonates.@*RESULTS@#Among the 428 full-term neonates, 65 (15.2%) had respiratory failure. The Silverman-Anderson score had a significantly shorter average time spent on evaluation than the Downes score [(90±8) seconds vs (150±13) seconds; P<0.001]. The respiratory failure group had significantly higher points in both the Silverman-Anderson and Downes scores than the non-respiratory failure group (P<0.001). The Silverman-Anderson score had an AUC of 0.876 for predicting respiratory failure, with a sensitivity of 0.908, a specificity of 0.694, and a Youden index of 0.602 at the optimal cut-off value of 4.50 points. The Downes score had an AUC of 0.918 for predicting respiratory failure, with a sensitivity of 0.723, a specificity of 0.953, and a Youden index of 0.676 at the optimal cut-off value of 6.00 points. The Downes score had significantly higher AUC for predicting respiratory failure than the Silverman-Anderson score (P=0.026).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Both Silverman-Anderson and Downes scores can predict the risk of respiratory failure in full-term neonates. The Silverman-Anderson score requires a shorter time for evaluation, while the Downes score has higher prediction efficiency. It is recommended to use Downes score with higher prediction efficiency in general evaluation, and the Silverman-Anderson score requiring a shorter time for evaluation can be used in emergency.

Infecção por Influenza B e doença de Kawasaki em adolescente durante a pandemia da COVID-19: relato de caso / Influenza B infection and Kawasaki disease in an adolescent during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case report

RESUMO Apresentação de um caso de infecção por Influenza B e doença de Kawasaki em adolescente ocorrido durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Adolescente asmática evoluiu com febre e síndrome gripal por 7 dias e deu entrada com quadro de insuficiência respiratória aguda, necessitando de intubação orotraqueal. Evoluiu também com instabilidade hemodinâmica respondedora ao uso de droga vasoativa. Foram introduzidas antibioticoterapia e medidas de suporte. Apresentou melhora hemodinâmica e respiratória progressiva, porém mantinha febre e alteração de provas inflamatórias. Durante internação, evoluiu com conjuntivite não purulenta bilateral, descamação de mão e pés, língua em framboesa e linfonodomegalia cervical, recebendo diagnóstico de doença de Kawasaki. Recebeu gamaglobulina e, por conta de quadro clínico refratário, foi administrado também corticoide, evoluindo afebril 24 horas após. Não apresentou alterações coronarianas. O único agente isolado foi Influenza B, mesmo realizando painel viral e investigação para COVID-19 com reação em cadeia da polimerase e sorologia. Durante internação, apresentou tromboembolismo pulmonar, e, em investigação de coagulopatias, foi diagnosticada com mutação em heterozigose de fator V de Leiden. Há uma potencial associação entre doença de Kawasaki e infecção por Influenza B ou outros vírus, como o coronavírus e, por isso, esses diagnósticos devem ser investigados nos pacientes pediátricos, incluindo adolescentes, com quadros febris prolongados.

ABSTRACT We report a case of Influenza B infection and Kawasaki disease in an adolescent, diagnosed during the COVID-19 pandemic. An asthmatic female adolescent presented with fever and flu-like symptoms for 7 days and was admitted with acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. She progressed with hemodynamic instability responsive to vasoactive drugs. Antibiotic therapy and support measures were introduced, showing progressive hemodynamics and respiratory improvement, however with persistent fever and increased inflammatory markers. During the hospitalization, she developed bilateral non-purulent conjunctivitis, hand and feet desquamation, strawberry tongue, and cervical adenopathy, and was diagnosed with Kawasaki disease. She was prescribed intravenous immunoglobulin and, due to the refractory clinical conditions, corticosteroid therapy was added; 24 hours later, the patient was afebrile. No coronary changes were found. A full viral panel including COVID-19 C-reactive protein and serology could only isolate the Influenza B virus. During the hospitalization, she was diagnosed with pulmonary thromboembolism; coagulopathies were investigated, and she was diagnosed with heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation. There is a potential association between Kawasaki disease and infection with Influenza B or with other viruses such as coronavirus. Therefore, this association should be considered in pediatric patients, adolescents included, with prolonged febrile conditions.

Caracterização do comprometimento pulmonar associado à COVID-19 em pacientes com necessidade de ventilação mecânica / Characterization of pulmonary impairment associated with COVID-19 in patients requiring mechanical ventilation

RESUMO Objetivo: Detectar precocemente a instabilidade respiratória e hemodinâmica para caracterizar o comprometimento pulmonar em pacientes com COVID-19 grave. Métodos: Analisamos retrospectivamente os dados colhidos de pacientes com COVID-19 que apresentaram insuficiência respiratória aguda com necessidade de intubação e ventilação mecânica. Utilizamos a avaliação da termodiluição transpulmonar por meio do dispositivo PiCCO™. Foram coletados os dados demográficos, respiratórios, hemodinâmicos e ecocardiográficos dentro das primeiras 48 horas após a admissão. Para resumir os dados, utilizamos estatística descritiva. Resultados: Entre 22 de março e 7 de abril de 2020, foram admitidos 23 pacientes com COVID-19 grave. Foram monitorados com o dispositivo PiCCO™ 12 (22,6%) deles. Quando da admissão, o volume diastólico final global indexado era normal (média de 738,8mL ± 209,2) e, na hora 48, encontrava-se moderadamente aumentado (879mL ± 179), enquanto o índice cardíaco se achava abaixo do normal (2,84 ± 0,65). Todos os pacientes revelaram a presença de água extravascular pulmonar acima de 8mL/kg na admissão (17,9 ± 8,9). Não identificamos qualquer evidência de origem cardiogênica. Conclusão: No caso de pneumonia grave por COVID-19, o quadro hemodinâmico e respiratório é compatível com edema pulmonar sem evidência de origem cardiogênica, o que favorece o diagnóstico de síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo.

ABSTRACT Objective: To detect early respiratory and hemodynamic instability to characterize pulmonary impairment in patients with severe COVID-19. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data collected from COVID-19 patients suffering from acute respiratory failure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. We used transpulmonary thermodilution assessment with a PiCCO™ device. We collected demographic, respiratory, hemodynamic and echocardiographic data within the first 48 hours after admission. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Results: Fifty-three patients with severe COVID-19 were admitted between March 22nd and April 7th. Twelve of them (22.6%) were monitored with a PiCCO™ device. Upon admission, the global-end diastolic volume indexed was normal (mean 738.8mL ± 209.2) and moderately increased at H48 (879mL ± 179), and the cardiac index was subnormal (2.84 ± 0.65). All patients showed extravascular lung water over 8mL/kg on admission (17.9 ± 8.9). We did not identify any argument for cardiogenic failure. Conclusion: In the case of severe COVID-19 pneumonia, hemodynamic and respiratory presentation is consistent with pulmonary edema without evidence of cardiogenic origin, favoring the diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome following inhalation of hydrogen chloride vapor

Hydrogen chloride is available commercially as an anhydrous gas or an aqueous solution, hydrochloric acid. Exposure to this gas has been associated with the development of reactive airways dysfunction syndrome. However, there are few published reports. A 37-year-old woman developed progressive bronchospasm and acute respiratory failure after cleaning an enclosed space with an unknown concentration of hydrochloric acid gas from a cleaning substance. She had no prior history of asthma or atopy. Severe bronchospasm developed, leading to hypoxemia and diffuse interstitial infiltrates, necessitating orotracheal intubation and admission to the intensive care unit. Asthma-like symptoms such as cough, wheezing, and dyspnea; requiring bronchodilators, and repeated hospitalizations are persistent a year after the accident. Pulmonary function testing showed mild airflow obstruction.

Response of patients with acute respiratory failure caused by COVID-19 to awake-prone position outside the intensive care unit based on pulmonary involvement

OBJECTIVES: Since there are difficulties in establishing effective treatments for COVID-19, a vital way to reduce mortality is an early intervention to prevent disease progression. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of patients with COVID-19 with acute hypoxic respiratory failure according to pulmonary impairment in the awake-prone position, outside of the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted on COVID-19 patients under noninvasive respiratory support. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained for each patient before the treatment and after they were placed in the awake-prone position. To identify responders and non-responders after the first prone maneuver, receiver operating characteristic curves with sensitivity and specificity of the PaO2/FiO2 and SpO2/FiO2 indices were analyzed. The maneuver was considered positive if the patient did not require endotracheal intubation for ventilatory assistance. RESULTS: Forty-eight patients were included, and 64.6% were categorized as responders. The SpO2/FiO2 index was effective for predicting endotracheal intubation in COVID-19 patients regardless of lung parenchymal damage (area under the curve 0.84, cutoff point 165, sensitivity 85%, specificity 75%). Responders had better outcomes with lower hospital mortality (hazard ratio [HR]=0.107, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.012-0.93) and a shorter length of stay (median difference 6 days, HR=0.30, 95% CI: 0.13-0.66) after adjusting for age, body mass index, sex, and comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: The awake-prone position for COVID-19 patients outside the ICU can improve oxygenation and clinical outcomes regardless of the extent of pulmonary impairment. Furthermore, the SpO2/FiO2 index discriminates responders from non-responders to the prone maneuver predicting endotracheal intubation with a cutoff under or below 165.

Bronquiolitis aguda: tratamiento de la insuficiencia respiratoria / Acute bronchiolitis: treatment of respiratory insufficiency

The severe respiratory insufficiency (SRI) caused by acute bronchitis whose main etiology is the respiratory syncytial virus is the main cause of under 2-year-old children hospitalization during the winter months, especially in the risk groups. Its treatment is mainly based in general measures, administration of respiratory support with standard oxygen therapy, non-invasive ventilation, invasive mechanical ventilation or the emerging high flow nasal cannula therapy, which these past few years has become an easy alternative of use, well tolerated, secure to be used in emergency rooms, basic rooms and pediatric intensive care units. The election of therapy will depend of the patient severity, the level of complexity of the healthcare center and the experience in the different treatment modalities of the health team. It is essential to carry out protocols and guidelines for the management of SRI treatment caused by acute bronchitis for emergency services, basic rooms and pediatric intensive care.

La insuficiencia respiratoria aguda (IRA) causada por bronquiolitis aguda (BA), cuya principal etiología es el virus respiratorio sincicial (VRS), es la principal causa de hospitalizaciones en menores de 2 años durante los meses de invierno, especialmente en grupos de riesgo. Su manejo se basa principalmente en medidas generales, administración de soporte respiratorio con oxigenoterapia estándar, ventilación no invasiva (VNI), ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI) o la emergente terapia con cánula nasal de alto flujo (CNAF), que se ha transformado en los últimos años en una alternativa de fácil uso, bien tolerada, segura para ser usada en los servicios de urgencia, salas básicas y unidades de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP). La elección de la terapia a utilizar dependerá de la gravedad del paciente, del nivel de complejidad del centro asistencial y de la experiencia en las distintas modalidades de tratamiento del equipo de salud. Es fundamental realizar protocolos y guías de manejo de tratamiento de la IRA causada por BA tanto para servicios de urgencia, salas básicas como cuidados intensivos pediátricos.

Consideraciones hipotéticas sobre el comportamiento viral del SARS-Cov-2 (covid-19): enfermedad multisistémica / Hypothetical considerations on the viral behavior of SARS-Cov-2 (covid-19): multisystemic disease

El virus provoca una reacción vascular inflamatoria en el endotelio arterial de varios órganos, entre ellos el pulmón (afectando el intercambio de gases en la membrana alveolo-capilar), de ahí la insuficiencia respiratoria, pero también afecta a otros órganos. Cuando una persona adquiere el nuevo coronavirus, este entra a los pulmones e infecta directamente a los alvéolos, que absorben el aire que respiramos. En casos graves, esos sacos de aire se llenan de líquido, restándole espacio para el oxígeno. Esto es lo que se conoce como neumonía por covid-19. Los alvéolos se infectan y activan el sistema inmunitario, lo que puede conducir a una tormenta de citoquinas. El SARS-Cov-2 también causa coágulos de sangre, lo que ha provocado que personas de entre 30 y 40 años mueran por accidentes cerebrovasculares. La enfermedad inflama los vasos sanguíneos y eventualmente puede dañar las arterias coronarias que llevan sangre al corazón. Entonces, cabe preguntarse: ¿no será que, además de afectar la membrana alvéolo-capilar en el pulmón, e interferir en el intercambio de oxígeno, afecta el endotelio arterial y provoca una microangiopatía diseminada con coagulopatía? Ojalá se encuentre pronto la respuesta. Miles de los mejores científicos del mundo están trabajando para intentar comprender el nuevo coronavirus; han descifrado su código genético y producido decenas de artículos que proponen posibles tratamientos y vacunas. Recomiendo un interesante artículo publicado por los Dres. Alfonso Papa y Giustino Varrassi, que creo que coincide con mi opinión sobre la afectación vascular en el SARS-Cov-2 (covid-19),1 disponible en: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341553008. (AU)

The virus causes an inflammatory vascular reaction in the arterial endothelium of various organs, including the lung (affecting gas exchange in the alveolar-capillary membrane), hence the respiratory failure, but it also affects other organs. When a person acquires the new coronavirus, it enters to the lungs and directly infects the alveoli, which absorb the air we breathe. In severe cases, these air sacs fill with fluid, taking up space for oxygen. It is known as covid-19 pneumonia. The alveoli become infected and activate the immune system and can lead to a cytokine storm. SARS-Cov-2 also causes blood clots, which has caused people in their 30s to 40s to die from strokes. The disease inflames the blood vessels and can eventually damage the coronary arteries that carry blood to the heart. So, it is worth asking: Is it not that, in addition to affecting the alveolar-capillary membrane in the lung, and interfering with oxygen exchange, it affects the arterial endothelium and causes disseminated micro-angiopathy with coagulopathy? Hopefully the answers will be found soon. Thousands of the world's best scientists are working to try to understand the new coronavirus. They cracked their genetic code and have produced dozens of articles suggesting possible treatments and vaccines. I add an interesting article published by Drs. Alfonso Papa and Giustino Varrassi. I think it matches my opinion about vascular involvement in SARS-Cov-2 (covid-19),1 available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341553008. (AU)

Predictors of difficulty in bedside percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy: pilot study / Preditores de dificuldade em traqueostomia percutânea à beira do leito: estudo piloto

ABSTRACT Introduction: percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy is currently one of the main procedures performed in an intensive care unit (ICU). However, there are no well-defined indicators of technical difficulty in performing the procedure. Objectives: to define predictors of difficulty in performing bedside percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy. Methodology: prospective cohort study encompassing 21 patients who underwent bedside percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in the ICU at a single center. Results: Sternohyoid (SH) distance shorter than 7 cm is associated with a 50% increase in the risk of technical difficulty (OR 0.44 and p <0.03). Conclusion: the reduction in (SH) distance is related to an increased risk of difficulty in performing percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in the ICU bed.

RESUMO Introdução: a traqueostomia percutânea é hoje um dos principais procedimentos realizados em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI). Não há, contudo, indicadores bem definidos de dificuldade técnica na realização do procedimento. Objetivos: definir preditores de dificuldade para realização de traqueostomia percutânea. Metodologia: estudo de coorte prospectivo no qual foram incluídos 21 pacientes submetidos a traqueostomia percutânea à beira leito, na UTI, em um único centro. Resultados: distância EH menor que 7 cm está associada a aumento de 50% na chance de dificuldade técnica (OR 0,44 e p<0,03). Conclusão: a redução da distância EH está relacionada com aumento do risco de dificuldade em realizar a traqueostomia percutânea à beira do leito, em UTI.

Congenital acinar dysplasia: a lethal entity

Congenital acinar dysplasia is a lethal, developmental lung malformation resulting in neonatal respiratory insufficiency. This entity is characterized by pulmonary hypoplasia and arrest in the pseudoglandular stage of development, resulting in the absence of functional gas exchange. The etiology is unknown, but a relationship with the disruption of the TBX4-FGF10 pathway has been described. There are no definitive antenatal diagnostic tests. It is a diagnosis of exclusion from other diffuse embryologic lung abnormalities with identical clinical presentations that are, however, histopathologically distinct.

Neumonía eosinofílica en pediatría, a propósito de dos casos clínicos / Pneumonia eosinofilic in pediatrics, clinical cases

INTRODUCCIÓN: La Neumonía Eosinofílica (NE) es una entidad muy poco frecuente en pediatría y se caracteriza por infiltración de eosinófilos en el intersticio pulmonar y alveolar, pudiendo ser primaria o secundaria, así como también presentar un curso agudo o crónico. OBJETIVO: Presentar dos casos clínicos de NE diagnosticados en el período 2014-2017 en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos pediátricos. CASOS CLÍNICOS: Dos lactantes mayores, ambos con antecedente de madre asmática, hospitalizados por in suficiencia respiratoria y diagnóstico de neumonía viral en Clínica Indisa, Santiago, Chile. Ambos presentaron síndrome febril, imágenes de condensación persistentes en la radiografía de tórax y eosinofilia periférica en el transcurso de su enfermedad. Uno de ellos con requerimiento de oxígeno por más de un mes, sin eosinofilia en el lavado broncoalveolar (LBA), al que se le hizo el diagnóstico de NE por biopsia pulmonar. El otro niño requirió ventilación mecánica por 28 días y se hizo diag nóstico de NE por eosinofilia mayor a 20% en LBA. Los dos casos presentaron excelente respuesta a corticoides sistémicos. CONCLUSIÓN: La NE se debe sospechar en el niño con diagnóstico de neumonía con síntomas persistentes sin respuesta al tratamiento, habiéndose descartado otras causas, sobre todo si se asocia a eosinofilia periférica. El diagnostico de NE en pediatría se confirma por eosinofilia mayor a 20% en LBA y en algunos casos es necesaria la biopsia pulmonar.

INTRODUCTION: Eosinophilic Pneumonia (EP) is a very rare disorder in Pediatrics. It is characterized by the infiltra tion of eosinophils in the pulmonary and alveolar interstitium, and may be primary or secondary as well as present an acute or chronic progress. OBJECTIVE: to present 2 pediatric EP clinical cases which were diagnosed at the pediatric intensive care unit of Clinica Indisa in Santiago, Chile between 2014 and 2017. CLINICAL CASES: Two older infants, who were hospitalized due to respiratory failure with a diagnosis of viral pneumonia. Both have asthmatic mothers. Additionally, they both had febrile syn drome, persistent condensation images in the chest x-rays, and peripheral eosinophilia throughout the course of the disease. One of the infants required oxygen for more than one month, and there was no eosinophilia in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). In this case, the diagnosis of EP was reached via pulmonary biopsy. The other infant required mechanic ventilation for 28 days, and was diagnosed due to eosinophilia greater than 25% in the bronchoalveolar lavage. Both patients had excellent res ponse to systemic corticosteroids. CONCLUSION: After ruling out other causes, EP should be suspected in children with pneumonia diagnosis, and persistent symptoms that do not respond positively to treatment, especially if associated with peripheral eosinophilia. The diagnosis of EP in pediatrics is confirmed with eosinophilia greater than 20% in BAL and, in some cases, it is necessary to perform a lung biopsy.

A multivariate prognostic score for predicting mortality of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure and Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia

Background Severe hypoxemic respiratory failure (SHRF) due to Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) in AIDS patients represents the main cause of admission and mortality in respiratory intensive care units (RICUs) in low- and middle-income countries. Objective The objective of this study was to develop a predictive scoring system to estimate the risk of mortality in HIV/AIDS patients with PJP and SHRF. Methods We analyzed data of patients admitted to the RICU between January 2013 and January 2018 with a diagnosis of HIV infection and PJP. Multivariate logistic regression and Kaplan–Meier method were used in data analysis. The RICU and inhospital mortality were 25% and 26%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified four independent predictors: body mass index, albumin, time to ICU admission, and days of vasopressor support. A predictive scoring system was derived and validated internally. The discrimination was 0.869 (95% confidence interval: 0.821-0.917) and calibration intercept (α) and slope (β) were 0.03 and 0.99, respectively. The sensitivity was 47.2%, specificity was 84.6%, positive predictive value was 89.2%, and negative predictive value was 82.6%. Conclusions This scoring system is a potentially useful tool to assist clinicians, in low- and medium-income countries, in estimating the RICU and inhospital mortality risk in patients with HIV/AIDS and SHRF caused by PJP.